Include machine price, inspection, China inland haulage, cleaning, dismantling, cranes, export handling, freight, insurance, destination charges, duty, tax, broker, storage exposure, reassembly, local delivery and initial repairs. The exact customs basis varies by country.

No. CIF normally covers the contracted cost, insurance and freight to the named port under the agreed rule, but destination handling, customs, duty, tax, broker, delivery and repairs usually remain outside the quoted CIF line.

A low machine price can be offset by weak undercarriage, pump or engine condition, extensive dismantling, out-of-gauge freight, port storage, difficult reassembly or unavailable local parts. Compare risk-adjusted total cost, not one invoice line.

Use the seller for machine and shipment data, but have the destination customs broker confirm classification, customs value, eligibility, duty and tax in writing. National rules and valuation practices differ.

Set the reserve from inspection findings and local parts and labor, not a universal percentage. Separate immediate defects, near-term wear and optional cosmetic work, then test whether the purchase still beats the next machine.

Provide exact machine identity, measured transport dimensions and weight, removed components, every package size and weight, load and destination ports, mobility status, lifting plan, Incoterm and sailing window. Reconfirm after final dismantling.